If you think PMS is stressing you out, you're right—and wrong. That's because stress causes PMS, just as PMS causes stress. A study published in the Journal of Women's Health found that in 259 women, perceived stress early in the month was an accurate predictor of PMS later in the month. The women with the highest self-rated stress levels were much more likely to have a larger number of PMS symptoms compared to those with lower stress levels.
This is enough evidence to tell us that stress and PMS are related, but it isn't enough to say with certainty that stress causes PMS. The stress in this study was measured before the PMS occurred, so we can say that stress before predicts PMS after. That seems like cause and effect, right?
Well, maybe, but not necessarily. There are lots of reasons why a woman with PMS symptoms might be more sensitive to stress at other times of the month. For instance, one theory about the cause of PMS (and PMDD, which is another name for really severe PMS) suggests that both are caused, at least in part, by an imbalance in the brain's neurotransmitter levels, specifically the neurotransmitter serotonin. A woman with a serotonin imbalance might be more sensitive to the effects of stress, or to becoming stressed in the first place. In either case, stress didn't cause the PMS; rather, the stress and PMS are caused by the serotonin imbalance. I will leave a discussion of antidepressant drugs for another blog post—please keep checking back!
Another way that PMS and stress might be related has to do with the direct effects of PMS. A woman with PMS of moderate severity could easily suffer from 4-8 days per month of fairly debilitating symptoms. In other words, a whole week out of the month could be lost to simply feeling awful. It makes sense that that would make the other three weeks of the month more stressful. This is a real situation: a surprising number of women lose anywhere from a few days to over two weeks every month to premenstrual symptoms. So, PMS could be the cause of the stress, not the other way around.
There is yet another way that PMS and stress are related. Many (probably most) women with PMS report feeling short-tempered, short-fused, irritable, easily angered, and/or overwhelmed while they are having PMS. Said differently, tolerance to normal life stressors is lessened by PMS.
Inevitably, some people who know next to nothing about women's hormones and brain chemistry, but who seem to making absurd and completely unsupported pronouncements, claim that women with PMS are wimps and just can't handle life. Let's set the record completely straight: women with PMS have just as much toughness and character and strength and willpower as anyone else. Given the amount of suffering they go through nearly every month, and the face they have to put forward to the world in spite of it, they probably have more gumption than the average person!
PMS, though, is not related to any of these qualities: it is a chemical imbalance of hormones or neurotransmitters but very likely other biochemical factors as well (and very probably, some that science has not even discovered yet), and very probably a combination of them. The point is, during PMS, women's resistance to, and tolerance for, stressful events and emotions is lowered, and through no fault of their own.
Mind you, the lowered tolerance for stress is layered on top of feeling crampy and bloated and tired and not sleeping well and back aches or headaches, which is layered on top of needing to keep life running, whether that is going to school or managing a family or going to work or several of the above.
Here's the take home: there's a definite relationship between stress and PMS. It could be that each influences the other. So, if you have any control over your stress level (and I'm not necessarily saying you do—that's for you to decide) and you have PMS, you are not doing yourself any favors taking on additional stress, or missing any opportunities to learn how to better deal with stress.
Fortunately, there are lots of small steps you can take that can change a stressful moment into a passing moment: start with a deep breath, a walk around the block, or even just counting to ten. Sometimes that moment passes, and a more balanced perspective is fast on its heels—if you can manage to not react in the first place. In many women, PMS makes it extremely difficult to not react, as if a flood of emotion were backing up behind a very flimsy dam.
Exercise discharges stress, and yoga may work especially well. Some other stress busters are music you love, a cup of herbal tea, gardening, or being out in nature (even a city park). Finally, and perhaps most importantly, acknowledge what you are really feeling rather than pushing those feelings away, and give yourself permission to feel what you feel (without reacting or lashing out at others. It can be scary at first, but feelings that are denied or stuffed or pushed away do harm. When you feel your feelings, you usually end up learning something, plus you find out they probably weren't as scary as you might have thought. There may be a completely legitimate reason for the feeling, and even a supposedly holistic method for relieving stress could be just another way to deny or avoid.
When you get a handle on your stress level, you will in help decrease the number and intensity of your PMS symptoms, plus your risk for heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's, diabetes—which means you'll very likely live a longer, happier life.
